Lesson 23

Beginning Prayers:

• शुक्लाम्बरधरं विष्णुम् - shuklaambaradharaM viShNum
• सरस्वति नमस्तुभ्यम् - saraswati namastubhyam 
• गुरुर्ब्रह्मा गुरुर्विष्णुः - gururbrahmaa gururviShNuH 

Topic Summary:

• 1st and 2nd case revision
• Introduction to avyaya-s (indeclinables)
• tumun-anta-avyaya

Home Work:

• Make 5 sentences using  tumun-anta-avyaya

Topic Details:

While brushing up the 1st and 2nd cases, now would be a good time to introduce a type of words called avyaya-s.  There are many types of avyaya-s, each for a different use and purpose.  But all these avyaya-s are indeclinable.  That means, they DO NOT change or alter with any gender, case or number.

Let us see in more detail, one such type of avyaya.  It is called 'tumun-anta-avyaya'.  It is called so because it is obtained by adding tumun-pratyaya to a verb.  The words formed thus, would be as below and their meanings would be as shown.

पठति	paThati	-	पठितुम्	paThitum	to read
लिखति	likhati	-	लेखितुम्	lekhitum	to write
वदति	vadati	-	वक्तुम्	vaktum	to say
गच्छति	gachChati	-	गन्तुम्	gantum	to go
आगच्छति	aagachChati	-	आगन्तुम्	aagantum	to come
फलति	phalati	-	फलितुम्	phalitum	to bear fruit
पतति	patati	-	पतितुम्	patitum	to fall
पिबति	pibati	-	पातुम्	paatum	to drink
खादति	khaadati	-	खादितुम्	khaaditum	to eat
विकसति	vikasati	-	विकसितुम्	vikasitum	to bloom
तिष्ठति	tiShThati	-	स्थातुम्	sthaatum	to stay
अटति	aTati	-	अटितुम्	aTitum	to roam
चलति	chalati	-	चलितुम्	chalitum	to move
जयति	jayati	-	जेतुम्	jetum	to win
नयति	nayati	-	नेतुम्	netum	to carry/lead
श्रुणोति	shruNoti	-	श्रोतुम्	shrotum	to hear
पृच्छति	pRuchChati	-	प्रष्टुम्	praShTum	to ask
पश्यति	pashyati	-	द्रष्टुम्	draShTum	to see
ददाति	dadaati	-	दातुम्	daatum	to give
करोति	karoti	-	कर्तुम्	kartum	to do

We shall see more examples as we go along and learn other types of avyaya-s parallel to the cases.

Until next lesson, happy practicing.

Ending prayer:

•  ॐ पूर्णमदः पूर्णमिदम् - aum pUrNamadaH pUrNamidam

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