Beginning Prayers:
- शुक्लाम्बरधरं विष्णुम् - shuklaambaradharaM viShNum
- सरस्वति नमस्तुभ्यम् - saraswati namastubhyam
- गुरुर्ब्रह्मा गुरुर्विष्णुः - gururbrahmaa gururviShNuH
Topic Summary:
- Revision of 6th and 7th cases
- Introduction to 1st and 2nd cases in all 3 genders
Home Work:
- Write the 'prakRuti padam' of 10 (3-4 in each gender) new vocabulary words and write their respective 1st and 2nd cases.
Topic Details:
Revisit the 7th and 6th case words and ascertain their forms and usages. As seen earlier, all nouns have a 'prakRuti padam', from which all cases are generated. The ending of the prakRuti pada is what decides the gender and ending (akaaraanta, aakaaraanta, ikaaraanta, etc.) of the nouns.
The 1st case of the word, makes the noun a subject. For example,
राम (raama) becomes रामः (raamaH),
लता (lataa) becomes (stays) लता (lataa),
वन (vana) becomes वनम् (vanam).
When these words are used in their 1st case forms like this, their usage in the sentence would be as a subject.
When raama is the subject of the sentence, as in - raama does the work, one would use the 1st case. Hence the sentence would be, रामः कार्यं करोति। (raamaH kaaryam karoti.) Same holds good for the other genders as well.
When the noun is used in the 2nd case, then it becomes the object. In this case, all the 3 genders under go the same kind of transformation to the prakRuti padam. They all change as below -
राम (raama) becomes रामम् (raamam),
लता (lataa) becomes लताम् (lataam)
वन (vana) becomes वनम् (vanam)
Important note: Notice that vanam changed the same way in both 1st and 2nd case! The neuter gender nouns assume the same forms in both 1st and 2nd cases. The meaning of the word in a sentence is deduced based on the context it is being used, whether it is the subject or the object!
We shall deal both these cases in more detail in the next lesson.
Until then, happy practicing.
Ending prayer:
- ॐ पूर्णमदः पूर्णमिदम् - aum pUrNamadaH pUrNamidam
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