The suffixes that get added on to the praatipadikam are as follows. (the words undergo changes as per the many different paaNinian rules though.)
विभक्तिः
|
एकवचनम्
|
द्विवचनम्
|
बहुवचनम्
|
प्रथमा
|
सु
|
औ
|
जस्
|
सं.प्रथमा
| |||
द्वितिया
|
अम्
|
औ
|
अस्
|
तृतिया
|
आ
|
भ्याम्
|
भिस्
|
चतुर्थी
|
ए
|
भ्याम्
|
भ्यस्
|
पञ्चमी
|
अस्
|
भ्याम्
|
भ्यस्
|
षष्ठी
|
अस्
|
ओस्
|
आम्
|
सप्तमी
|
इ
|
ओस्
|
सु
|
vibhaktiH
|
ekavachanam
|
dwivachanam
|
bahuvachanam
|
prathamaa
|
su
|
au
|
jas
|
saM.prathamaa
| |||
dwitiyaa
|
am
|
au
|
as
|
tRutiyaa
|
aa
|
bhyaam
|
bhis
|
chaturthI
|
e
|
bhyaam
|
bhyas
|
pa~nchamI
|
as
|
bhyaam
|
bhyas
|
ShaShThI
|
as
|
os
|
aam
|
saptamI
|
i
|
os
|
su
|
Their English/kannada equivalents could be roughly (NOT precisely) written as below
विभक्तिः
|
Case
|
In English
|
ಕನ್ನಡದಲ್ಲಿ
|
प्रथमा
|
Nominative
|
Subject
|
ಉ
|
सं.प्रथमा
|
Vocative
|
Vocative
|
ಸಂಬೋಧನೆ
|
द्वितिया
|
Accusative
|
to, Object
|
ಅನ್ನು
|
तृतिया
|
Instrumental
|
with, by
|
ಇಂದ
|
चतुर्थी
|
Dative
|
for
|
ಗೆ, ಕೆ,
ಗೊಸ್ಕರ
|
पञ्चमी
|
Ablative
|
from, than
|
ದೆಸೆಯಿಂದ
|
षष्ठी
|
Genitive (or) Possessive
|
Of, ‘s
|
ಅ
|
सप्तमी
|
Locative
|
in, on
|
ಅಲ್ಲಿ
|
Hi, I am trying to learn Sanskrit (only two classes old now ;-). I have a question. For prathama vibhakthi, eka-vachanam, rama shabdaha, how does adding suffix 'su', result in 'raama' becoming 'raama:" (or "raamaha')?
ReplyDeleteHave similar queries about other suffixes such as "jas" etc.
Do I have to just memorize them or is there some method to arrive at it?
Rama + su
ReplyDeleteIn su, u which is an ith disappears, so, Rama + s or Ramma + visarga, i.e., ramah
There are rules for using vibhakthi pratyayas in Ashtadhyayi. You can find them also in Siddhanta kaumudi or Laghusiddhanta kaumudi.
ReplyDelete