Lesson 62

Beginning Prayers:

• शुक्लाम्बरधरं विष्णुम् - shuklaambaradharaM viShNum
• सरस्वति नमस्तुभ्यम् - saraswati namastubhyam 
• गुरुर्ब्रह्मा गुरुर्विष्णुः - gururbrahmaa gururviShNuH 

Topic Summary:

• तुमुन्, क्त्वा, ल्यप् प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय-s 

Home Work:

• Write the above 3 avyaya rUpa-s (forms) for 5 verbs of your choice

Topic Details:

When certain pratyaya-s are added to the verb roots, they form 'indeclinable-s' called अव्यय-s.  An अव्यय is described as -

सदृशं त्रिषु लिङ्गेषु सर्वासु च विभक्तिषु ।
वचनेषु च सर्वेषु यन्नव्येति तदव्ययम् ॥

sadRushaM triShu li~ngeShu sarvaasu cha vibhaktiShu |
vachaneShu cha sarveShu yannavyeti tadavyayam ||

It means, an avyaya remains same - in all 3 genders, all 3 tenses and all 7 cases too!

Infact, the very word ayaya means - that which doesn't undergo change

Let's see a few varieties of avyayas -

1. तुमुन् प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय
By adding तुमुन्, it indicates the purpose of the action (verb), as in - willing to ____, in order to _____,

Ex:
पठितुम् - to read
क्रीडितुम् - to play
गन्तुम् - to go
खादितुम् - to eat
नमितुम् - to bow

2. क्त्वा प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय
By adding ktvaa pratyaya to a verb, it gives the adverbial past participle of the verb, as in - having _____

Ex:
हसित्वा - having laughed
भक्षयित्वा - having eaten
ताडयित्वा - having beaten
धावित्वा - having run
स्मृत्वा - having remembered

One important point to note about this particular pratyaya, it can be added only to the verb roots that do not have an upasarga (prefix) added to them.  

3. ल्यप् प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय
This does has the same effect as the above -ktvaa pratyaya, but only, it is added to the verbs with upasarga added already.

Ex:
निश्चित्य - having decided
विज्ञाय - having known
आरुह्य - having climbed
प्रणम्य - having prayed
विजित्य - having won

Happy practicing!

Ending prayer:

•  ॐ पूर्णमदः पूर्णमिदम् - om pUrNamadaH pUrNamidam

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