Beginning Prayers:
- शुक्लाम्बरधरं विष्णुम् - shuklaambaradharaM viShNum
- सरस्वति नमस्तुभ्यम् - saraswati namastubhyam
- गुरुर्ब्रह्मा गुरुर्विष्णुः - gururbrahmaa gururviShNuH
Topic Summary:
- upasarga-s
Home Work:
- Write 10 words that have upasarga-s, with meanings
Topic Details:
upasarga-s are nothing by prefixes. There are 22 upasarga-s in the language. By adding these to the verb roots, the meaning of the word changes completely! उपसर्गेण धात्वर्थो बलादन्यत्र नीयते
upasargeNa dhaatvartho balaadanyatra nIyate
Due to a upasarga, the meaning of the dhaatu (verb root) is forcefully taken elsewhere.
Below is the list of upasarga-s
| उपसर्ग | prefix meaning, in general |
| प्र | more, higher |
| परा | opposite, against |
| अप | away, separation |
| सम् | coincide |
| अनु | after, according to |
| अव | downward |
| निस् | low |
| निर् | low |
| दुस् | wicked, cruel |
| दुर् | bad, difficult |
| वि | more, intense |
| आ | on this side |
| नि | to empty |
| अधि | in, on, above |
| अपि | moreover |
| अति | very much |
| सु | good, best |
| उत् | on, above, over |
| अभि | in front of |
| प्रति | contrary to |
| परि | everywhere |
| उप | near, more |
These meanings give an overview and specific meanings will become more evident according to context.
Some examples are -
प्रहार - blow
संहार - kill/slay
विहार - pastime
परिहार - remedy
निर्गमन - leaving
दुरन्तः - bad ending
The below subhaaShita uses a couple such words -
चिन्तनीया हि वीपदामादावेव प्रतिक्रिया
न कूपखननं युक्तं प्रदीप्ते वह्निना गृहे
- समयोचितपद्यमालिका
chintanIyaa hi vipadaamaadaaveva pratikriyaa
na kUpakhananaM yuktaM pradIpte vahninaa gRuhe
- samayochitapadyamaalikaa
The remedy to a problem should be thought of ahead of time. It is not appropriate to dig a well when the house is on fire.
Elucidation:
Fire hydrants! It is not a smart idea to start digging a well when the house is ablaze. The problem should be anticipated well ahead of time and appropriate plans should be made in case of a crisis. This is called planning. Without planning, no job can be accomplished to its fullest potential. Crisis management should be given enough thought or the effort put into the actual job might go waste.
Get pro-active!
चिन्तनीया हि विपदाम् आदौ एव प्रतिक्रिया
chintanIyaa hi vipadaam aadau eva pratikriyaa
न कूप खननं युक्तं प्रदीप्ते वह्निना गृहे
na kUpa khananaM yuktaM pradIpte vahninaa gRuhe
Some examples are -
प्रहार - blow
संहार - kill/slay
विहार - pastime
परिहार - remedy
निर्गमन - leaving
दुरन्तः - bad ending
The below subhaaShita uses a couple such words -
चिन्तनीया हि वीपदामादावेव प्रतिक्रिया
न कूपखननं युक्तं प्रदीप्ते वह्निना गृहे
- समयोचितपद्यमालिका
chintanIyaa hi vipadaamaadaaveva pratikriyaa
na kUpakhananaM yuktaM pradIpte vahninaa gRuhe
- samayochitapadyamaalikaa
The remedy to a problem should be thought of ahead of time. It is not appropriate to dig a well when the house is on fire.
Elucidation:
Fire hydrants! It is not a smart idea to start digging a well when the house is ablaze. The problem should be anticipated well ahead of time and appropriate plans should be made in case of a crisis. This is called planning. Without planning, no job can be accomplished to its fullest potential. Crisis management should be given enough thought or the effort put into the actual job might go waste.
Get pro-active!
चिन्तनीया हि विपदाम् आदौ एव प्रतिक्रिया
chintanIyaa hi vipadaam aadau eva pratikriyaa
न कूप खननं युक्तं प्रदीप्ते वह्निना गृहे
na kUpa khananaM yuktaM pradIpte vahninaa gRuhe
Happy learning!
Ending prayer:
- ॐ पूर्णमदः पूर्णमिदम् - om pUrNamadaH pUrNamidam
