Lesson 29

Beginning Prayers:

• शुक्लाम्बरधरं विष्णुम् - shuklaambaradharaM viShNum
• सरस्वति नमस्तुभ्यम् - saraswati namastubhyam 
• गुरुर्ब्रह्मा गुरुर्विष्णुः - gururbrahmaa gururviShNuH 

Topic Summary:

• Introduction to 4th case masculine and neuter gender words
• Revision of previously visited cases through a subhaaShita

Home Work:

• Practice writing syllables using consonants (5) with vowels for along with saying the sounds  (refer   http://sanskritstudy.blogspot.com/2009/10/making-syllables-consonants-with-vowels.html) 
• Find 5 shlokas with the usage of 4th case words

Topic Details:

We will learn the usage of 4th case in this lesson.  This case is used in making 'dative' clauses/sentences.  That means, it addresses sentences with 'for' (the subject).  The way the masculine and neuter gender words would form is

raamaH        -   raamaaya        (for raama)
gajaH           -   gajaaya           (for the elephant)
vRukShaH   -   vRukShaaya   (for the tree)
kRuShNaH  -   kRuShNaaya  (for kRuShNa)

Now that we have most of the cases addressed, let us try and decode a subhaaShita.

अष्टादशपुराणानं सारं व्यासेन कीर्तितम् |
परोपकारः पुण्याय पापाय परपीडनम् ||

aShTaadashapuraaNaanaM saaraM vyaasena keertitam |
paropakaaraH puNyaaya paapaaya parapeeDanam ||

This verse uses words in 6th case plural (puraaNaanaam), 2nd case (saaram), 3rd case (vyaasena), 1st case (paropakaaraH, parapIDanam), 4th case (puNyaaya, paapaaya).

That puts together the meaning as thus - The essence of all the 18 puraanaas (scriptures) is sung thus by maharshi Vyaasa - benevolence is for (leads to) virtue, torturing others is for (leads to) vice.

For more elaboration on the verse, visit http://sanskritpearls.blogspot.com/2009/12/december-5th.html

Until next lesson, happy practicing!

Ending prayer:

•  ॐ पूर्णमदः पूर्णमिदम् - aum pUrNamadaH pUrNamidam

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Lesson 28

Beginning Prayers:

• शुक्लाम्बरधरं विष्णुम् - shuklaambaradharaM viShNum
• सरस्वति नमस्तुभ्यम् - saraswati namastubhyam 
• गुरुर्ब्रह्मा गुरुर्विष्णुः - gururbrahmaa gururviShNuH 

Topic Summary:

• 3rd case strIlinga words
• use of 3rd case along with avyaya-s like सह, विना and अलम् (saha, vinaa and alam)

Home Work:

• Practice writing syllables using consonants with vowels for   (refer  http://sanskritstudy.blogspot.com/2009/10/making-syllables-consonants-with-vowels.html  )
• Make 8 sentences using words in 3rd case.  Use the avyaya-s we have dealt with as well.

Topic Details:

We have seen the 3rd case (Instrumental case), in both masculine and neuter genders.  Now, let us see some strIlinga (feminine) forms in 3rd case.

ramaa           ->   ramayaa           (lakShmI)
umaa            ->   umayaa            (paarvatI)
dvichakrikaa ->   dvicharikayaa   (two wheeler)
nadI             ->   nadyaa             (river)
niraashaa      ->   niraashayaa       (desireless/hopeless)

Using avyaya-s (indeclinables) along with the 3rd case can give us a few variations in the usage.  Using 3rd case with

सह (saha) - along with
raameNa saha         -  along with raama
kRuShNena saha    -  along with kRuShNa

विना (vinaa) - without
dvichakrikayaa vinaa   -  without the two wheeler
pustakena vinaa          -  without the book

अलम् (alam)  - enough of/with
kolaahalena alam     -  enough with the noise
niraashayaa alam     -  enough with the disappointment

Happy practicing.

Ending prayer:

•  ॐ पूर्णमदः पूर्णमिदम् - aum pUrNamadaH pUrNamidam

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Lesson 27

Beginning Prayers:

• शुक्लाम्बरधरं विष्णुम् - shuklaambaradharaM viShNum
• सरस्वति नमस्तुभ्यम् - saraswati namastubhyam 
• गुरुर्ब्रह्मा गुरुर्विष्णुः - gururbrahmaa gururviShNuH 

Topic Summary:

• Revision of reading and writing rules
• Vocabulary expansion
• Revisit tRutIyaa vibhakti, masculine and neuter genders

Home Work:

• Practice writing syllables using consonants with vowels for first 3 consonants (refer  http://sanskritstudy.blogspot.com/2009/10/making-syllables-consonants-with-vowels.html )
• Find 3 shlokas which use tRutIyaa vibhakti in any of the 3 genders

Topic Details:

Along with revisiting reading/writing rules, adding new words to our vocabulary is very essential.  Below are a few new words -

गजः	gajaH	-	elephant
गजा	gajaa	-	she elephant
अश्वः	ashvaH	-	horse
तुरगः	turagaH	-	horse
श्वानः	shvaanaH	-	dog
मार्जारः	maarjaaraH	-	cat
मार्जारी	maarjaarI	-	female cat
बिडालः	biDaalaH	-	cat
बिडाली	biDaalI	-	female cat
जतुका	jatukaa	-	bat
शम्बूकः	shambUkaH	-	snail

The 3rd case forms for the masculine nouns above are -

गजेन - with the elephant
अश्वेन - with the horse
तुरगेन - with the horse
श्वानेन - with the dog
मार्जारेण - with the cat
बिडालेन - with the cat
शम्बूकेन - with the snail

We will see the feminine noun, 3rd case forms in the next lesson.

Ending prayer:

•  ॐ पूर्णमदः पूर्णमिदम् - aum pUrNamadaH pUrNamidam

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