Lesson 18

Beginning Prayers:

• शुक्लाम्बरधरं विष्णुम् - shuklaambaradharaM viShNum
• सरस्वति नमस्तुभ्यम् - saraswati namastubhyam 
• गुरुर्ब्रह्मा गुरुर्विष्णुः - gururbrahmaa gururviShNuH 

Topic Summary:

• Further understanding of 7th case with examples of shlokas
• The anuswaara rule

Home Work:

• Write 5 examples of words which incorporate the anunaasika rule
• Write 4 different sentences to show all the usages of the anuswaara rule

Topic Details:

After working on 7th case for a couple lessons, one should have gotten comfortable with identifying them in day to day verses now.  To quote a few examples,

कराग्रे वसते लक्ष्मीः कर-मूले सरस्वती ।
कर-मध्ये तु गोविन्दः प्रभाते करदर्शनम् ॥

karaagre vasate lakShmIH kara-mUle saraswatI |
kara-madhye tu govindaH prabhaate karadarshanam ||

नमस्तेस्तु महामाये श्रीपीठे सुरपूजिते ।
शङ्खचक्रगदा-हस्ते महा-लक्ष्मि नमोस्तुते ॥

namastestu mahaamaaye shrIpIThe surapUjite |
sha~gkhachakragadaa-haste mahaa-lakShmi namostute ||

One can find many such daily prayers which contain this kind of usage.

Below is a last set of examples of words in 7th case, to build the vocabulary better.

Masculine gender -

करः	karaH	hand	-	करे	kare	in hand
पादपः	paadapaH	plant	-	पादपे	paadape	in the plant
सूर्यः	sUryaH	sun	-	सूर्ये	sUrye	in the sun
अलसः	alasaH	lazy	-	अलसे	alase	in the lazy
समुद्रः	samudraH	sea	-	समुद्रे	samudre	in the sea

More neuter gender examples

क्षेत्रम्	kShetram	field	-	क्षेत्रे	kShetre	in the field
ज्ञानम्	j~naanam	knowledge	-	ज्ञाने	j~naane	in the knowledge
वदनम्	vadanam	face	-	वदने	vadane	in the face

More feminine gender examples

वीथी	vIthI	street	-	वीथ्याम्	vIthyaam	in the street
गङ्गा	ga~ngaa	ganges	-	गङ्गायाम्	ga~ngaayaam	in the ganges
शाखा	shaakhaa	branch	-	शाखायाम्	shaakhaayaam	in the branch
पृथिवी	pRuthivI	earth	-	पृथिव्याम्	pRuthivyaam	on earth
सभा	sabhaa	assembly	-	सभायाम्	sabhaayaam	in the assembly

Along with practicing all these words, it is also a good idea to keep in mind, a few other rules of writing as well.  One such rule is the 'anuswaara rule'.

An important rule while writing  the anuswaara, the अं at the end of any word is that, if the following word starts with a consonant, it goes up as in अं.  But if the following word starts with a vowel, then the dot on top becomes a 'half म् (m)' as in अम्.  For example,

अयं हरिः (ayaM hariH)

अयम् अरिः (ayam ariH) Also, it stays as a 'half म् (m)' at the end of the sentence (since there is no following consonant).

Will learn a new case in the next lesson.  Until then, happy practicing! 

Ending prayer:

•  ॐ पूर्णमदः पूर्णमिदम् - aum pUrNamadaH pUrNamidam

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Lesson 17

Beginning Prayers:

• शुक्लाम्बरधरं विष्णुम् - shuklaambaradharaM viShNum
• सरस्वति नमस्तुभ्यम् - saraswati namastubhyam 
• गुरुर्ब्रह्मा गुरुर्विष्णुः - gururbrahmaa gururviShNuH 

Topic Summary:

• More examples of 7th case words in all genders
• Practicing the usage of these words

Home Work:

• Observe the shlokas that you might already be chanting and identify 5 saptamI vibhakti (7th case) usages
• Make 3 more sentences (not the ones from last lesson's homework :), using 7th case words

Topic Details:

For reinforcement, we will see more examples of words in 7th case.  Revising the homework gives our own examples as well. 

Some examples of masculine gender -

नगरः	nagaraH	city	-	नगरे	nagare	in the city
विद्यालयः	vidyaalayaH	school	-	विद्यालये	vidyaalaye	in the school
आश्रमः	aashramaH	hermitage	-	आश्रमे	aashrame	in the hermitage
कोशः	koshaH	pocket	-	कोशे	koshe	in the pocket

A few important rules to be followed while writing -

The rules pertaining to writing 'ra' -

• If a र् comes before another consonant, then it is represented as 'a half sickle on top of the following consonant'.  Ex. र्क, as in तर्क (logic)
• If a full र comes after any other half consonant, it takes the form of 'a slash under the consonant preceding it'.  Ex. क्र तक्र (curd).

The rules pertaining to writing the nasal consonants (anunaasika-s) in between words -

• The nasal consonant present in between the words depends solely on the alphabet that follows it.  The nasal consonant has to be one from the same varga of the consonant that follows, if it is a vargIya vyanjana (a grouped consonant).  Ex.  

1. कङ्कण (ka~nkaNa - bangle)
2. चञ्चल (cha~nchala - movable, unsteady)
3. अण्ड (aNDa - egg)
4. तन्तु (tantu - cord, thread)
5. कम्पन (kampana - trembling)

Notice how the nasal consonants (anunaasika-s) are followed by consonants of their own vargas.  It is not correct to write कन्कण, चन्चल, अंड, तंतु, कंपन, etc.

We shall see the usage of the above concepts in the next lesson.

Keep practicing!

Ending prayer:

•  ॐ पूर्णमदः पूर्णमिदम् - aum pUrNamadaH pUrNamidam

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