Lesson 16

Beginning Prayers:

• शुक्लाम्बरधरं विष्णुम् - shuklaambaradharaM viShNum
• सरस्वति नमस्तुभ्यम् - saraswati namastubhyam 
• गुरुर्ब्रह्मा गुरुर्विष्णुः - gururbrahmaa gururviShNuH 

Topic Summary:

• 7th case singular nouns in masculine, feminine and neuter genders
• Sentences using 7th case nouns
• Adjectives take the same case form as the noun they are referring to

Home Work:

• Practice speaking sentences using 7th case
• Write 5 words and their respective 7th case forms
• Write 5 sentences using your own words in 7th case

Topic Details:

As some may already know, what sets the sentence structure apart in Sanskrit, is the fact that the words contain the cases in them already!  Hence it gives the liberty to shuffle the words around in a sentence, without really altering the meaning of the sentence.  How can that be?  How do we differentiate one case from the other?  How do we understand what the sentence is saying?  Well, over the next few lessons, we shall see what sets the cases apart from each other and how we can differentiate.  We shall understand what the 'raama shabda' (that we were learning), really means!  We will not learn in order though.  We will start with the ones that are easier to comprehend and work our way towards the slightly tougher ones gradually.

In that direction, we will start with the 7th case.  The seventh case is used in making sentences in 'locative' case.  It indicates meanings as 'in/on the' of the noun being spoken of.  Let us see a few examples in masculine gender to understand better.

1st case		meaning		7th case		meaning
कालः	kaalaH	time	-	काले	kaale	in time
ग्रामः	graamaH	village	-	ग्रामे	graame	in the village

The 7th case for neuter gender follows the same as the masculine gender nouns.  (Because after the 2nd case, all the neuter gender words follow the same form as the masculine gender nouns.

संस्कृतम्	saMskRutam	Sanskrit	-	संस्कृते	saMskRute	in Sanskrit
मोदकम्	modakam	sweet dish	-	मोदके	modake	in the sweet dish

The 7th case form for feminine gender nouns will change though.  They become as below -

मेघा	meghaa	cloud	-	मेघायाम्	meghaayaam	in the cloud
जननी	jananI	mother	-	जनन्याम्	jananyaam	in the mother

They can be used in sentences as below -
रक्ते चतुर्भुजे नीलः वर्तुलः अस्ति।
rakte chaturbhuje nIlaH vartulaH asti|
In the red square, there is a blue circle.

नीले चतुर्भुजे रक्तः वर्तुलः अस्ति।
nIle chaturbhuje raktaH vartulaH asti|
In the blue square, there is a red circle.

नीले वर्तुले रक्तः चतुर्भुजः अस्ति।
nIle vartule raktaH chaturbhujaH asti|
In the blue circle, there is a red square.

Now write a sentence that says -
1.  There is a blue rectangle in an orange circle.
2.  There is a purple triangle in a yellow square.

We will learn more examples of 7th case in the following lessons. 
Happy practicing! 

Ending prayer:

•  ॐ पूर्णमदः पूर्णमिदम् - aum pUrNamadaH pUrNamidam

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Lesson 15

Beginning Prayers:

• शुक्लाम्बरधरं विष्णुम् - shuklaambaradharaM viShNum
• सरस्वति नमस्तुभ्यम् - saraswati namastubhyam 
• गुरुर्ब्रह्मा गुरुर्विष्णुः - gururbrahmaa gururviShNuH

Topic Summary:

• Revision of alphabet grouping
• Colors and shapes
• Introduction to cases
• Beginning of 7th case (vibhakti) with examples

Home Work:

• Practice colors and shapes and other vocabulary words from the vocabulary list

Topic Details:

After the summer break, it is good to brush up the skills learnt so far.  Hence, a review of the alphabet, their grouping, technical terms to refer is a good idea.

During the next few lessons, we will learn the purpose and usage of vibhakti-s (cases).  In Sanskrit, there are 7+1 different cases.  7+1, because sambodhanaa prathamaa is considered an extension of the prathamaa vibhakti (the 1st case).  We will learn their usage in a different order though.  It makes it easier to understand the vibhakti-s if one starts off with the easier ones to comprehend.  Hence will begin with the 7th case first!

7th case gives the meaning - 'in/on' the (noun being referred).  To begin with, we will see examples of akaaraanta pullinga shabda-s ('a' ending masculine nouns).

वनम् (vanam) becomes वने (vane) in the 7th case.

To use it in a sentence, let's describe a picture where a circle is inside a triangle.  How would that be put in Sanskrit as a sentence?
त्रिकोणे वर्तुलः अस्ति।
trikoNe vartulaH asti|
In the triangle, the circle is there.

What would this sentence mean?
चर्तुर्भुजे त्रिकोणः अस्ति।
charturbhuje trikoNaH asti|
In a square, the triangle is there.

Try making more such sentences on your own, so the next lesson becomes easier :).

Ending prayer:

•  ॐ पूर्णमदः पूर्णमिदम् - aum pUrNamadaH pUrNamidam

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