Lesson 20

Beginning Prayers:

• शुक्लाम्बरधरं विष्णुम् - shuklaambaradharaM viShNum
• सरस्वति नमस्तुभ्यम् - saraswati namastubhyam 
• गुरुर्ब्रह्मा गुरुर्विष्णुः - gururbrahmaa gururviShNuH 

Topic Summary:

• Refresh 7th case vibhakti pratyaya-s
• Refresh 6th case masculine and neuter gender vibhakti pratyaya-s
• 6th case feminine gender vibhakti pratyaya-s

Home Work:

• Find 5 prayer shlokas that use 6th case words and try to comprehend the meaning of the verses (without taking aid of the English meanings already given :).

Topic Details:

So far, the 6th case masculine and neuter gender words have been learnt.  To reinforce that learning, below are a few more examples.

Masculine gender -

रामस्य पुस्तकम्		raamasya pustakam			-	Raama's book
कृष्णस्य वंशी		kRuShNasya vaMshI			-	Krishna's flute
रमेशस्य लेखनी		rameshasya lekhanI			-	Ramesha's pen
गजस्य दन्तः		gajasya dantaH			-	elephant's tooth
देवस्य रथम्		devasya ratham			-	God's chariot		chariot of God
सूर्यस्य प्रकाशम्		sUryasya prakaasham			-	sun's light
लेखकस्य कृतिः		lekhakasya kRutiH			-	writer's work		work of the writer
विद्यालयस्य शिक्षकः		vidyaalayasya shikShakaH			-	school's teacher		teacher of the school
गोपालस्य सुता		gopaalasya sutaa			-	Gopaala's daughter		daughter of Gopaala
अर्जुनस्य धनुः		arjunasya dhanuH			-	Arjuna's bow
तस्य अग्रजः		tasya agrajaH			-	his elder brother

Neuter gender - (follows the same pratyaya-s as masculine, after 2nd case)

उद्यानस्य वृक्षम्		udyaanasya vRukSham			-	park's tree		tree of the park
अक्षरस्य आरम्भः		akSharasya aarambhaH			-	alphabet's beginning		beginning of the alphabet
अम्बरस्य वर्णम्		ambarasya varNam			-	sky's color		color of the sky
अनृतस्य फलम्		anRutasya phalam			-	lie's reward		reward of lies
औषधस्य प्रभावः		auShadhasya prabhaavaH			-	medicine's effect		effect of medicine
तस्य पुष्पम्		tasya puShpam			-	it's flower

Now us learn the 6th case feminine gender words.  The feminine gender words get -याः (-yaaH) as the ending pratyayas.  Just as seen in masculine and neuter gender words, these words make genitive clauses.   It would be used in the sense of belonging.  Seeing the examples and their meanings below shall make it more clear.

Feminine gender -

मालायाः मालिका		maalaayaaH maalikaa			-	Maala's garland
लतायाः पुष्पम्		lataayaaH puShpam			-	creeper's flower		flower of the creeper
रमायाः पतिः		ramaayaaH patiH			-	Ramaa's husband		husband of Ramaa
उमायाः अध्ययनम्		umaayaaH adhyayanam			-	Umaa's study
शैलजायाः चित्रम्		shailajaayaaH chitram			-	Shailajaa's picture
उषायाः सुतः		uShaayaaH sutaH			-	Ushaa's son		son of ushaa
भाषायाः अक्षरम्		bhaaShaayaaH akSharam			-	language's alphabet		alphabet of the language
कक्षायाः छात्रः		kakShaayaaH ChaatraH			-	class's students		students of the class
चिन्तायाः परिणामः		chintaayaaH pariNaamaH			-	anxiety's effect		effect of anxiety
नासिकायाः अग्रम्		naasikaayaaH agram			-	nose's tip		tip of the nose
तस्याः भगिनी		tasyaaH bhaginI			-	her sister

Learning these examples is not only giving an insight to the 6th case, but building vocabulary as well.  It is essential to give prime importance to add to one's knowledge-base, new words, their meanings and practice their usage as well.

Happy practicing and researching for verses with 6th case :).

Ending prayer:

•  ॐ पूर्णमदः पूर्णमिदम् - aum pUrNamadaH pUrNamidam

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Lesson 19

Beginning Prayers:

• शुक्लाम्बरधरं विष्णुम् - shuklaambaradharaM viShNum
• सरस्वति नमस्तुभ्यम् - saraswati namastubhyam 
• गुरुर्ब्रह्मा गुरुर्विष्णुः - gururbrahmaa gururviShNuH 

Topic Summary:

• Revision of 7th case
• Revision of anuswaara rule and homework
• Introduction to 6th case in masculine and neuter genders

Home Work:

• Make 5 of your own sentences using the 6th case masculine/neuter gender words, along with some new vocabulary.

Topic Details:

Moving on to another case of nouns, we shall learn about the 6th case.  It is used in genitive clauses and sentences.  Genitive case indicates belonging-ness.  'of someone' or 'someone's', kind of references use this case.  For example -

raama's; of raama
king's; of the king
tree's; of the tree
boy's; of the boy, etc.

The pratyaya that should be added to both masculine and neuter would be same after the first two cases.  Hence, 6th would follow suite of masculine for neuter as well.  The 6th case pratyaya is -स्य (-sya).

By now, we have understood the prakRuti pada concept, meaning, the word in its true form, without any case superimposition.  With that knowledge and the already budding vocabulary, quite a few sentences could be made.  Ex:

आकाशस्य वर्णं नीलम् अस्ति।
aakaashasya varNaM neelam asti|Color of the sky is blue.

रामस्य भार्या सीता अस्ति।
raamasya bhaaryaa sItaa asti|
raama's wife is sItaa.

बालकस्य स्यूतः हरितः अस्ति।
baalakasya syUtaH haritaH asti|
The boy's bag is green color.

राहुलस्य केशः कृष्णः अस्ति।
raahulasya keshaH kRuShNaH asti|
Raahul's hair is black color.

ईशानस्य हस्ते पुस्तकम् अस्ति।
Ishaanasya haste pustakam asti|
There is a book in Ishaan's hand.  
(notice the use of 7th case locative noun in 'haste' - in the hand)

कृष्णस्य मुकुटे मयूरपिच्छम् अस्ति।
kRuShNasya mukuTe mayUrapichCham asti|
There is a peacock feather in kRuShNa's crown.

(notice the use of 7th case locative noun in 'mukuTe' - in the crown)

बालकस्य गृहं भारतदेशे अस्ति।
baalakasya gRuhaM bhaaratadeshe asti|
The boy's house is in India.

Also, notice that the adjectives follow suite of the gender of the noun, they are referring to!

Will see more examples of 6th case and learn feminine forms of the case as well in the next lesson.

Happy practicing!

Ending prayer:

•  ॐ पूर्णमदः पूर्णमिदम् - aum pUrNamadaH pUrNamidam

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