Lesson 56

Beginning Prayers:

• शुक्लाम्बरधरं विष्णुम् - shuklaambaradharaM viShNum
• सरस्वति नमस्तुभ्यम् - saraswati namastubhyam 
• गुरुर्ब्रह्मा गुरुर्विष्णुः - gururbrahmaa gururviShNuH 

Topic Summary:

• Introduction to verbs

Home Work:

• Find your 4 verbs and write the 3 x 3 verb matrix for them

Topic Details:

We have briefly visited the topic of verbs, but still have used them extensively so far, without even realizing it!  Now, let's visit it a little more in detail.  Verbs are formed from 'roots'.  They are called 'dhaatu' in samskRutam.  By adding different endings to the dhaatu, we get different persons (1st, 2nd, 3rd), number (singular, dual, plural) as well as tenses.

There are 10 different tenses in the language and about 2200 dhaatu-s!  Let us see the easiest and most used tense - present tense, with the example of the dhaatu पठ् (paTh - read)

पठ् धातु, लट् लकार रूपाणि

पुरुष	एकवचनम्	द्विवचनम्	बहुवचनम्
प्रथम	पठति	पठतः	पठन्ति
मध्यम	पठसि	पठथः	पठथ
उत्तम	पठामि	पठावः	पठामः

paTh dhaatu, laT lakaara rUpaaNi

person	singular	dual	plural
prathama	paThati	paThataH	paThanti
madhyama	paThasi	paThathaH	paThatha
uttama	paThaami	paThaavaH	paThaamaH

• What we call as 3rd person in English, is referred to as 'prathama puruSha' (technically meaning 1st person).  So, when speaking of someone other than the person involved in the conversation, these forms are used, as per the singular, dual or plural required.
• The 2nd person of English, would be 'madhyama puruSha'.  When the subject is 'you', this person is used.
• The 1st person, that is, when referring to oneself, it would be called as 'uttama puruSha' in samskRutam.  Obviously, this is used while referring to oneself.

Only exception would be, when one is referring to another person respectfully (teachers, elders, peers), as in भवान्/भवती (bhavaan/bhavatI), prathama puruSha verb forms have to be used.

Let's see some examples to understand this better.

सा पठति।  (She reads)

त्वं पठसि।  (You read)

अहं पठामि।  (I read)

but, भवान् पठति।  (He (respectful addressing) reads)

saa paThati|

tvaM paThasi|

ahaM paThaami|

but, bhavaan paThati|

On learning this one matrix, one can suitably change the dhaatu to get the corresponding verb forms!

Happy practicing!

Ending prayer:

•  ॐ पूर्णमदः पूर्णमिदम् - om pUrNamadaH pUrNamidam

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Lesson 55

Beginning Prayers:

• शुक्लाम्बरधरं विष्णुम् - shuklaambaradharaM viShNum
• सरस्वति नमस्तुभ्यम् - saraswati namastubhyam 
• गुरुर्ब्रह्मा गुरुर्विष्णुः - gururbrahmaa gururviShNuH 

Topic Summary:

• Simple text comprehension 

Home Work:

• Write the meanings of at least 25 different words in the paragraph given below

Topic Details:

Read and comprehend the paragraph below -

बालशुनक बालशुनक किं करोति रे?
चोरस्य आगमने किं करोति रे?
भौ भौ भषामि चोर आगते
तस्य पादं गृह्णामि ॥

मार्जार मार्जार किं करोति रे?
मूषकस्य आगमने किं करोति रे?
तूष्णीं तिष्ठामि शब्दं न करोमि
मूषकं खादामि म्याँव् म्याँव् म्याँव् ॥

चिक्रोड चिक्रोड किं करोति रे?
फलस्य दर्शने किं करोति रे?
शीघ्रं धावामि सर्वं खादामि
उदरं पूरयितुं चिल् चिल् चिल् ॥

कृष्णकाक कृष्णकाक किं करोति रे?
मालिन्यदर्शने किं करोति रे?
सूक्ष्मं पश्यामि सर्वं खादामि
काहलं घोषयामि का का का ॥

बालसूर्य बालसूर्य किं करोति रे?
सर्वं दृष्ट्वा किं करोति रे?
किरणस्य स्पर्शनेन तोषयामि भोः
मोदेन हसामि हा हा हा ॥

baalashunaka baalashunaka kiM karoti re?
chorasya aagamane kiM karoti re?
bhou bhou bhaShaami chora aagate
tasya paadaM gRuhNaami ||

maarjaara maarjaara kiM karoti re?
mUShakasya aagamane kiM karoti re?
tUShNIM tiShThaami shabdaM na karomi
mUShakaM khaadaami myaa~Mv myaa~Mv myaa~Mv ||

chikroDa chikroDa kiM karoti re?
phalasya darshane kiM karoti re?
shIghraM dhaavaami sarvaM khaadaami
udaraM pUrayituM chil chil chil ||

kRuShNakaaka kRuShNakaaka kiM karoti re?
maalinyadarshane kiM karoti re?
sUkShmaM pashyaami sarvaM khaadaami
kaahalaM ghoShayaami kaa kaa kaa ||

baalasUrya baalasUrya kiM karoti re?
sarvaM dRuShTvaa kiM karoti re?
kiraNasya sparshanena toShayaami bhoH
modena hasaami haa haa haa ||

Ending prayer:

•  ॐ पूर्णमदः पूर्णमिदम् - om pUrNamadaH pUrNamidam

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